// fs-species.jsx — full woody-species data from the Short's Resort Propagation Manual (SR-PROP-01).
// 21 plates (codes A–U). Images in assets/species/{code}-form.jpg & -detail.jpg; credits in window.FS_CREDITS.

const SP_GROUPS = [
  { id:'canopy',   t:'Foundation Canopy' },
  { id:'riparian', t:'Riparian Trees' },
  { id:'wildlife', t:'Wildlife / Succession Trees' },
  { id:'specialty',t:'Specialty Trees' },
  { id:'shrub',    t:'Structural Shrubs' },
  { id:'vine',     t:'Vine' },
];

const FS_SPECIES = [
  { code:'A', slug:'post-oak', common:'Post Oak', latin:'Quercus stellata', group:'canopy',
    role:'Foundation canopy tree. Post Oak is one of the defining trees of the historic oak savannas of Central Texas. It exists at Short\u2019s Resort to establish the long-term character of the upland oak prairie.',
    diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Slow', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Poor', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate; protect young seedlings', method:'Seed', container:'D40 Deepot',
    sitePrimary:'Western Headwaters Savanna', siteSecondary:'Drainage Savanna Edge, Filter Band, higher Shelterbelt pockets', siteAvoid:'Wet drainage core, floodplain basin, low riparian soils',
    soils:'SeC, SuB, RuB', hydrology:'Dry to seasonally moist, well-drained, no standing water',
    seed:'Collect acorns September\u2013November. Use fresh, heavy acorns with no insect holes. Float test and keep most sinkers.',
    strat:'Usually not required. Recommended: 30\u201360 days cold storage in slightly damp coir to improve timing.',
    prop:'Plant acorn 1 inch deep directly into a D40 Deepot. Keep moist, not saturated. Germination usually occurs in 2\u20138 weeks.',
    progression:'Acorn \u2192 D40 Deepot \u2192 Field planting. Optional: D60 Deepot if holding longer than one season.',
    water:'Keep evenly moist during germination. After sprouting, allow surface to partially dry between waterings.',
    light:'Bright light after germination. 14\u201316 hours under grow lights. Harden into full sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5\u201310 gallons every 10\u201314 days during drought.','Year 2: 10 gallons every 2\u20134 weeks if dry.','Year 3: drought emergency only.'],
    notes:'Most growth happens below ground. Do not judge success by height. Taproot development is the priority.' },

  { code:'B', slug:'bur-oak', common:'Bur Oak', latin:'Quercus macrocarpa', group:'canopy',
    role:'Foundation canopy tree. Bur Oak provides large-canopy structure, shade, and heavy mast production. It is more adaptable to drainage edges and deeper soils than Post Oak.',
    diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Moderate', drought:'Very good', flood:'Good', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate; protect young trees', method:'Seed', container:'D40 Deepot',
    sitePrimary:'River Conservation Strip, Drainage Edge, Western Headwaters Savanna', siteSecondary:'Filter Band, Shelterbelt', siteAvoid:'Extremely shallow limestone shelves',
    soils:'BeB, SeC, RuB, Oa, SuB', hydrology:'Adaptable; tolerates seasonal wetness and drought once established',
    seed:'Collect acorns September\u2013November. Prioritize large, heavy, undamaged acorns. Float test.',
    strat:'Usually not required. Optional 30\u201360 days cold storage.',
    prop:'Plant 1\u20131.5 inches deep in D40 Deepot. Germination: 2\u20138 weeks.',
    progression:'Acorn \u2192 D40 Deepot \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'Moderate moisture. Do not allow complete dry-down.',
    light:'Full grow lights after sprouting. Harden to full sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.',
    establish:['Year 1: 10 gallons every 10\u201314 days during drought.','Year 2: 15 gallons every 3 weeks if dry.','Year 3: drought only.'],
    notes:'One of the most adaptable oaks in the manual. Excellent candidate for drainage edges and deep savanna soils.' },

  { code:'C', slug:'live-oak', common:'Live Oak', latin:'Quercus fusiformis', group:'canopy',
    role:'Foundation evergreen canopy. Live Oak provides year-round structure, nesting cover, thermal shelter, and iconic Hill Country character.',
    diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Moderate', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Fair', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate', method:'Seed', container:'D40 Deepot',
    sitePrimary:'Western Headwaters Savanna, Eastern Shelterbelt', siteSecondary:'Drainage Savanna Edge', siteAvoid:'Wet floodplain, saturated low areas',
    soils:'SeC, RuB, SuB', hydrology:'Upland, well-drained, drought tolerant',
    seed:'Collect mature brown acorns September\u2013December. Float test.',
    strat:'Usually unnecessary. Optional 30 days cold storage.',
    prop:'Plant 1 inch deep in D40 Deepot. Germination: 2\u20136 weeks.',
    progression:'Acorn \u2192 D40 Deepot \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'Moderate. Allow slight drying between watering.',
    light:'Strong grow lights. Harden to full sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 8\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.',
    establish:['Year 1: 10 gallons every 10\u201314 days during drought.','Year 2: 15 gallons every 3\u20134 weeks if dry.','Year 3: minimal.'],
    notes:'Escarpment live oak (Quercus fusiformis), the drought- and cold-hardy Edwards Plateau species west of Q. virginiana\u2019s Texas range; the two hybridize freely in the transition zone. Do not crowd \u2014 Live Oaks become enormous. One well-placed Live Oak can become a destination on the property.' },

  { code:'Z', slug:'chinkapin-oak', common:'Chinkapin Oak', latin:'Quercus muehlenbergii', group:'canopy',
    role:'Foundation canopy tree. Chinkapin Oak is the limestone-country white oak of the Edwards Plateau \u2014 thriving on the shallow, rocky, calcareous upland where many oaks struggle. Its sweet, low-tannin acorns are among the most sought-after mast on the property, favored by deer, turkey, and squirrels.',
    diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Slow to moderate', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Poor', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate; protect young seedlings', method:'Seed', container:'D40 Deepot',
    sitePrimary:'Eastern Shelterbelt, Western Headwaters Savanna', siteSecondary:'Drainage Savanna Edge, higher Filter Band pockets', siteAvoid:'Wet drainage core, floodplain basin, saturated low soils',
    soils:'SeC, SuB, RuB', hydrology:'Dry, upland, well-drained limestone; no standing water',
    seed:'Collect acorns September\u2013October as they ripen and drop. Chinkapin is a white oak \u2014 use fresh, heavy acorns with no weevil holes. Float test and keep the sinkers.',
    strat:'None required. White-oak acorns have no dormancy and begin germinating in fall \u2014 do not cold-stratify. If holding briefly, keep cool in slightly damp coir and never let the acorns dry out.',
    prop:'Sow fresh, 1 inch deep, directly into a D40 Deepot before the radicle emerges. Keep moist, not saturated. The taproot descends first; germination usually within 2\u20136 weeks.',
    progression:'Acorn \u2192 D40 Deepot \u2192 Field planting. Optional: D60 Deepot if holding longer than one season.',
    water:'Keep evenly moist during germination. After sprouting, let the surface partially dry between waterings.',
    light:'Bright light after germination. 14\u201316 hours under grow lights. Harden into full sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5\u201310 gallons every 10\u201314 days during drought.','Year 2: 10 gallons every 2\u20134 weeks if dry.','Year 3: drought emergency only.'],
    notes:'A true white oak (section Quercus): the acorns are recalcitrant \u2014 sow them fresh, never let them dry, and expect fall germination rather than spring. Distinctive chestnut-like leaves with coarse, gland-tipped teeth make it easy to identify. One of the highest-value wildlife oaks for limestone soils, and a natural companion to Post and Live Oak in the upland savanna.' },

  { code:'E', slug:'cedar-elm', common:'Cedar Elm', latin:'Ulmus crassifolia', group:'canopy', roles:['nurse'],
    role:'Foundation habitat tree. Cedar Elm is one of the most versatile native trees in the manual and belongs in nearly every restoration zone.',
    diff:'1 / 5', growth:'Fast', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Good', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate', method:'Seed', container:'Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40 Deepot',
    sitePrimary:'River, Drainage, Shelterbelt, Upland Draws, Filter Band', siteSecondary:'\u2014', siteAvoid:'\u2014',
    soils:'All mapped soils', hydrology:'Highly adaptable',
    seed:'Collect papery seeds September\u2013October.',
    strat:'None required.',
    prop:'Sow shallowly, just covered. Germination often occurs in 1\u20133 weeks.',
    progression:'Seed \u2192 Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40 Deepot \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'Keep moist during germination. Reduce once established.',
    light:'Bright light to full sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201312 months. Plant November\u2013February.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5\u201310 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only unless planting in exposed sites.'],
    notes:'If unsure what tree belongs somewhere, Cedar Elm is often the answer.' },

  { code:'F', slug:'pecan', common:'Pecan', latin:'Carya illinoinensis', group:'riparian',
    role:'Riparian mast tree. Pecan belongs in deep soils, drainages, and river-influenced zones. It is a legacy tree, not an upland restoration tree.',
    diff:'1 / 5', growth:'Moderate to fast in good soil', drought:'Moderate once established', flood:'Good', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate', method:'Seed', container:'D60 Deepot or deepest available',
    sitePrimary:'River Conservation Strip, Drainage Edge, deep alluvial pockets', siteSecondary:'Western Headwaters Draws only', siteAvoid:'Thin rocky uplands, dry shelterbelt, shallow limestone',
    soils:'BeB, Oa, deep SuB pockets', hydrology:'Deep soil, seasonal moisture, no severe drought exposure',
    seed:'Collect fresh nuts October\u2013December.',
    strat:'Required or strongly recommended: 90\u2013120 days cold stratification in slightly damp coir.',
    prop:'Plant whole nut 1\u20132 inches deep after stratification.',
    progression:'Nut \u2192 D60 Deepot / treepot \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'Even moisture. Do not dry completely.',
    light:'Strong light after germination. Harden to full sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.',
    establish:['Year 1: 10\u201315 gallons every 7\u201310 days during dry periods.','Year 2: 15 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks in drought.','Year 3: monthly drought support if needed.'],
    notes:'Do not plant pecan as an upland prairie tree. Plant it where water and deep soil already want a pecan.' },

  { code:'G', slug:'bald-cypress', common:'Bald Cypress', latin:'Taxodium distichum', group:'riparian',
    role:'Riparian anchor tree. Bald Cypress stabilizes wet corridors, creates long-lived habitat, and visually marks the water-bearing portions of the property.',
    diff:'1 / 5', growth:'Moderate to fast with water', drought:'Moderate once established', flood:'Excellent', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate; protect young trees', method:'Seed / hardwood cutting', container:'Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40/D60',
    sitePrimary:'River Conservation Strip, lower Drainage Corridor', siteSecondary:'Tank edges, wet pockets', siteAvoid:'Upland savanna, shelterbelt, shallow limestone',
    soils:'BeB, Oa', hydrology:'Seasonal flooding, wet feet, deep soil, drainage concentration',
    seed:'Collect cones in fall to early winter when brown and mature.',
    strat:'Recommended: 60\u201390 days cold stratification in moist coir.',
    prop:'Sow seeds shallowly, about 1/4 inch deep. Keep evenly moist. Hardwood cuttings will also strike, though seed is the main line.',
    progression:'Seed \u2192 Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40/D60 \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'Keep consistently moist. Tolerates wetter nursery conditions than most species.',
    light:'Bright light to full sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.',
    establish:['Year 1: 10\u201315 gallons every 7\u201310 days during dry periods.','Year 2: 10\u201315 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks if dry.','Year 3: 15\u201320 gallons monthly during severe drought only.'],
    notes:'Provenance: in-range. Bald cypress is native to Central Texas along freshwater rivers \u2014 NPSOT lists it for the Edwards Plateau and Balcones Canyonlands ecoregions (Griffith et al., Ecoregions of Texas), the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center gives its range west to Central Texas, and TPWD notes the range petering out on the Edwards Plateau. Cones are collected locally on the Lampasas drainage. Lampasas County-level occurrence is pending BONAP/Turner confirmation (M-13). Plant in groves of 5\u201315 where possible. A cluster creates stronger habitat and insurance against losses.' },

  { code:'H', slug:'sugarberry', common:'Sugarberry', latin:'Celtis laevigata var. laevigata', group:'wildlife',
    role:'Wildlife support tree. Sugarberry is one of the highest-ROI trees for birds, insects, and rapid habitat structure \u2014 the bottomland hackberry of the river and drainage soils.',
    diff:'1 / 5', growth:'Fast', drought:'Very good', flood:'Good', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate', method:'Seed', container:'Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40',
    sitePrimary:'River Conservation Strip, Drainage Corridor, moist alluvial bottomland', siteSecondary:'Filter band and shelterbelt on the deeper soils', siteAvoid:'Dry, shallow upland limestone \u2014 that is netleaf country',
    soils:'BeB, Oa; moist alluvial bottomland', hydrology:'Moist bottomland; the river and drainage member of the pair',
    seed:'Collect ripe dark berries late summer through winter when mature.',
    strat:'Recommended: 60\u201390 days cold stratification after cleaning pulp.',
    prop:'Clean fruit pulp thoroughly. Sow 1/4\u20131/2 inch deep.',
    progression:'Seed \u2192 Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40 Deepot \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'Moderate. Do not keep saturated.',
    light:'Full sun after establishment.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201312 months. Plant November\u2013February.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5\u201310 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'],
    notes:'People often dislike hackberry in yards. Wildlife does not \u2014 this is a bird tree. Split from Netleaf Hackberry: USDA PLANTS treats this as Celtis laevigata var. laevigata (CELAL), the moist-bottomland variety, while Netleaf (var. reticulata) holds the dry upland limestone.' },
  { code:'Y', slug:'netleaf-hackberry', common:'Netleaf Hackberry', latin:'Celtis laevigata var. reticulata', group:'wildlife',
    role:'Upland wildlife tree. Netleaf hackberry is the dry-country member of the pair \u2014 tough on shallow limestone where sugarberry will not hold \u2014 carrying the same high wildlife value: berries for birds, foliage for insects, quick habitat structure. Named for the prominent net-like venation on the leaf.',
    diff:'1 / 5', growth:'Moderate to fast', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Poor to fair', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate', method:'Seed', container:'Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40',
    sitePrimary:'Upland limestone, Eastern Shelterbelt high ground, Western Headwaters Savanna', siteSecondary:'Dry drainage edges and working-land margins', siteAvoid:'Permanently wet bottomland \u2014 that is sugarberry country',
    soils:'SeC, SuB; dry, rocky limestone', hydrology:'Dry, well-drained; the upland member of the pair',
    seed:'Collect ripe dark berries fall through winter when mature.',
    strat:'Recommended: 60\u201390 days cold stratification after cleaning pulp.',
    prop:'Clean fruit pulp thoroughly. Sow 1/4\u20131/2 inch deep. Same easy propagation as sugarberry.',
    progression:'Seed \u2192 Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40 Deepot \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'Low to moderate. Very drought-hardy once rooted.',
    light:'Full sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201312 months. Plant November\u2013February.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'],
    notes:'The split-out upland variety. USDA PLANTS treats it as Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (CELAR). Where the old combined card claimed \u201call mapped soils / highly adaptable\u201d \u2014 true of neither member \u2014 this one keys to dry upland limestone. Photographed in the Trans-Pecos, showing the reticulate leaf venation.' },

  { code:'I', slug:'black-cherry', common:'Black Cherry', latin:'Prunus serotina var. eximia', group:'wildlife',
    role:'Wildlife / succession tree. Black Cherry provides fruit for birds, flowers for pollinators, and faster vertical structure than slow oaks.',
    diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Fast to moderate', drought:'Moderate', flood:'Fair', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Low to moderate; protect', method:'Seed / cuttings', container:'Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40',
    sitePrimary:'River, Drainage Edge, deeper SuB/RuB soils', siteSecondary:'Upland pockets with better soil', siteAvoid:'Exposed dry limestone ridges',
    soils:'BeB, RuB, SuB', hydrology:'Moderate moisture, good drainage',
    seed:'Collect ripe dark fruits in summer.',
    strat:'Clean pulp. Warm stratification 30\u201360 days followed by cold stratification 90\u2013120 days.',
    prop:'Sow 1/4\u20131/2 inch deep after stratification. The manual designates black cherry a hybrid seed-and-cutting species; cuttings are the clonal route for proven individuals.',
    progression:'Seed \u2192 Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40 \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'Moderate, steady moisture.',
    light:'Bright light. Full sun to part sun after hardening.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.',
    establish:['Year 1: 10 gallons every 10\u201314 days during drought.','Year 2: every 3\u20134 weeks if dry.'],
    notes:'Do not overplant near livestock areas without understanding browse/toxicity concerns. Best as wildlife corridor and woodland-edge tree.' },

  { code:'J', slug:'mexican-plum', common:'Mexican Plum', latin:'Prunus mexicana', group:'wildlife',
    role:'Understory wildlife and pollinator tree. Mexican Plum provides early bloom, fruit, edge structure, and seasonal beauty.',
    diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Moderate', drought:'Good', flood:'Fair', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Low to moderate; protect', method:'Seed or cuttings', container:'Bootstrap Cell \u2192 5-inch pot \u2192 1-gal fabric if needed',
    sitePrimary:'River, Drainage Edge, Shelterbelt pockets', siteSecondary:'Upland savanna edges', siteAvoid:'Wet core, exposed dry ridge tops',
    soils:'BeB, RuB, SuB', hydrology:'Moderate moisture, well-drained',
    seed:'Collect ripe plums in summer when fruit softens.',
    strat:'Clean pits. Cold stratification 90\u2013120 days.',
    prop:'Plant pit 1/2\u20131 inch deep after stratification. Cuttings are the clonal route \u2014 the manual lists Mexican plum among its hybrid seed-and-cutting species.',
    progression:'Seed \u2192 Bootstrap Cell \u2192 5-inch pot \u2192 1-gal fabric if needed \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'Moderate moisture. \u2014 Fabric stage (if the plant moves up from the 5-inch pot): fabric dries much faster than plastic and needs substantially more frequent watering outdoors in a Central Texas summer; the exact frequency is not yet set at the bench (open).',
    light:'Bright light to full sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February. Stock held in a 1-gal fabric pot may be outplanted later \u2014 air-pruned roots don\u2019t circle, so the window extends; the actual figure will come from the first cohort.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5\u201310 gallons every 10\u201314 days during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'],
    notes:'A great edge species. Use where birds, pollinators, and visual interest matter.', override:'container_progression: D40 path removed by station decision 2026-07-27 (Addendum G) \u2014 plums do not use Deepots. Correct-as-revised, not a manual divergence.' },

  { code:'K', slug:'texas-persimmon', common:'Texas Persimmon', latin:'Diospyros texana', group:'wildlife',
    role:'Wildlife tree / structural understory. Texas Persimmon provides fruit, cover, sculptural form, and exceptional drought tolerance.',
    diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Slow to moderate', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Poor to fair', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate', method:'Seed / cuttings', container:'Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40',
    sitePrimary:'Shelterbelt, Upland Savanna, Filter Band, River high terrace', siteSecondary:'Drainage edges', siteAvoid:'Wet drainage core',
    soils:'SeC, RuB, SuB', hydrology:'Dry to moderate, well-drained',
    seed:'Collect ripe black fruit in summer to early fall.',
    strat:'Clean pulp completely. Cold stratification 60\u201390 days recommended.',
    prop:'Diospyros texana is dioecious \u2014 only female plants fruit, and they need a male nearby. Propagate from known female plants where fruit is the objective, and include males for pollination. Sow 1/4\u20131/2 inch deep. The manual lists Texas persimmon among its hybrid seed-and-cutting species; cuttings are also possible for cloning proven individuals, though seed is the more reliable route.',
    progression:'Seed \u2192 Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40 \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'Moderate. Avoid soggy media.',
    light:'Bright light to full sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5\u201310 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'],
    notes:'Because a fruiting tree is already available on the property, this should be a priority seed-collection species.', override:'container_progression: 5-inch path removed by station decision 2026-07-27 (Addendum G) \u2014 persimmon is a Deepot species. Correct-as-revised, not a manual divergence.' },

  { code:'L', slug:'bigtooth-maple', common:'Bigtooth Maple', latin:'Acer grandidentatum', group:'specialty',
    role:'Specialty tree. Bigtooth Maple is included for shaded draws, north-facing microsites, seasonal color, and ecological diversity.',
    diff:'4 / 5', growth:'Slow to moderate', drought:'Moderate in the right site', flood:'Poor', wildlife:'Good', deer:'High', method:'Seed', container:'D40',
    sitePrimary:'Shaded draws, north-facing slopes, protected canyon-like microsites', siteSecondary:'River high terrace shade pockets', siteAvoid:'Exposed upland prairie, hot south-facing slopes, wet clay',
    soils:'Protected SeC/RuB/SuB microsites with shade and drainage', hydrology:'Cool, protected, moderate moisture',
    seed:'Collect mature samaras in late summer to fall.',
    strat:'Cold stratification 90\u2013120 days.',
    prop:'Sow shallowly after stratification.',
    progression:'Seed \u2192 D40 \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'Consistent moisture but not saturated.',
    light:'Part shade / bright indirect. Avoid heat stress.',
    outplant:'Best age 12\u201324 months. Plant November\u2013February into a protected microsite.',
    establish:['Year 1: 10 gallons every 7\u201310 days during dry heat.','Year 2: 10\u201315 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks if dry.','Year 3: drought support in summer.'],
    notes:'Provenance: out-of-range planting. The property holds a deep, shaded, spring-fed crevasse \u2014 the protected-canyon microsite this relict species requires \u2014 so the habitat match is strong here, but this is a horticultural argument, not a nativity claim. Browse pressure is High: deer browsing is a documented major cause of decline (UTSA bigtooth research; Lost Maples exclosures), so cage young trees rather than relying on generic protection. Do not treat as a prairie tree. This is a microclimate species.' },

  { code:'M', slug:'texas-madrone', common:'Texas Madrone', latin:'Arbutus xalapensis', group:'specialty',
    role:'Signature specimen. Texas Madrone is rare, beautiful, difficult, and worth attempting in limited numbers.',
    diff:'5 / 5', growth:'Slow', drought:'Excellent once established', flood:'Very poor', wildlife:'Good', deer:'Moderate', method:'Seed', container:'D60 Deepot or tall treepot',
    sitePrimary:'Rocky, well-drained upland microsites; protected slopes', siteSecondary:'Shelterbelt high pockets with excellent drainage', siteAvoid:'Wet soils, clay basins, drainage core, floodplain',
    soils:'Well-drained rocky SeC/SuB microsites', hydrology:'Dry, sharply drained, no wet feet',
    seed:'Collect ripe red/orange fruit when fully mature.',
    strat:'Clean pulp carefully. Cold stratification 60\u201390 days may improve germination.',
    prop:'Sow shallowly in very well-drained mineral media. Avoid overwatering.',
    progression:'Seed \u2192 D60 / tall treepot \u2192 Field planting with minimal root disturbance.',
    water:'Light, careful watering. Let media approach dry between waterings. Never keep soggy.',
    light:'Bright light. Protect from extreme heat while young.',
    outplant:'Best age 12\u201324 months, only if root system can be planted without disturbance. Plant November\u2013February.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.','Do not overwater.'],
    notes:'Provenance: out-of-range planting, retained as an experimental specimen \u2014 a horticultural attempt, not a nativity claim. Root disturbance is the enemy \u2014 it must not receive an intermediate container transfer at any stage; it goes from the D60 straight to the ground. Establishing even a few would be a major success.' },

  { code:'N', slug:'agarita', common:'Agarita', latin:'Mahonia trifoliolata', group:'shrub',
    role:'Evergreen structural shrub. Agarita provides bird cover, berries, pollinator flowers, drought tolerance, and deer resistance.',
    diff:'4 / 5', growth:'Slow', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Poor', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Very low', method:'Root suckers, seed, or cuttings', container:'5-inch pot',
    sitePrimary:'Upland Savanna, Shelterbelt, Filter Band', siteSecondary:'Dry drainage edge', siteAvoid:'Wet drainage core, floodplain',
    soils:'SeC, RuB, SuB', hydrology:'Dry, well-drained',
    seed:'Collect ripe red berries May\u2013June.',
    strat:'Warm stratification 60\u201390 days followed by cold stratification 60\u201390 days recommended.',
    prop:'From root suckers (primary): often the surest route \u2014 agarita resents disturbance, so pot gently and keep several. From seed: clean pulp thoroughly, sow 1/4 inch deep; germination may take 3\u201312 months. From cuttings: semi-hardwood late summer to early fall, 50\u201370% perlite media + rooting hormone, keep humid but not soggy.',
    progression:'Seed / cutting \u2192 5-inch pot \u2192 1-gal fabric if needed \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'Low to moderate. Avoid saturation. \u2014 Fabric stage (if the plant moves up from the 5-inch pot): fabric dries much faster than plastic and needs substantially more frequent watering outdoors in a Central Texas summer; the exact frequency is not yet set at the bench (open).',
    light:'Bright light. Harden to full sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 12\u201324 months. Plant November\u2013February. Stock held in a 1-gal fabric pot may be outplanted later \u2014 air-pruned roots don\u2019t circle, so the window extends; the actual figure will come from the first cohort.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'],
    notes:'Slow, stubborn, and worth it. Do not throw away seed trays too early.' },

  { code:'O', slug:'elbowbush', common:'Elbowbush', latin:'Forestiera pubescens', group:'shrub',
    role:'Wildlife thicket shrub. Elbowbush provides fruit, cover, early pollinator value, and resilient shrub structure.',
    diff:'3 / 5', growth:'Moderate', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Good', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate', method:'Suckers/layers, cuttings, or seed', container:'5-inch pot',
    sitePrimary:'River edge, Drainage edge, Filter Band, Shelterbelt', siteSecondary:'Upland thicket pockets', siteAvoid:'\u2014',
    soils:'All mapped soils', hydrology:'Adaptable; tolerates more moisture than agarita',
    seed:'Collect ripe purple-black berries late summer to fall.',
    strat:'Clean pulp thoroughly. Cold stratification 90\u2013120 days.',
    prop:'From suckers: elbowbush suckers and layers freely \u2014 lift a rooted sucker in winter for the fastest plant where a colony exists. From seed: sow 1/4 inch deep after stratification. From cuttings: semi-hardwood early summer, rooting hormone + humidity dome; rooting in 4\u201310 weeks.',
    progression:'Seed / cutting \u2192 5-inch pot \u2192 1-gal fabric if needed \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'Moderate moisture. Do not keep saturated. \u2014 Fabric stage (if the plant moves up from the 5-inch pot): fabric dries much faster than plastic and needs substantially more frequent watering outdoors in a Central Texas summer; the exact frequency is not yet set at the bench (open).',
    light:'Bright light to part sun. Harden to full or part sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February. Stock held in a 1-gal fabric pot may be outplanted later \u2014 air-pruned roots don\u2019t circle, so the window extends; the actual figure will come from the first cohort.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'],
    notes:'Forestiera pubescens is dioecious \u2014 only female plants fruit, and they need a male nearby. Propagate from known female plants where fruit is the objective, and include males for pollination. Better from cuttings than seed if donor plants are available.' },

  { code:'P', slug:'fragrant-sumac', common:'Fragrant Sumac', latin:'Rhus aromatica', group:'shrub',
    role:'Drought-tolerant wildlife shrub. Fragrant Sumac provides cover, fruit, erosion control, and low thicket structure.',
    diff:'3 / 5', growth:'Moderate', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Poor to fair', wildlife:'Good', deer:'Moderate to good', method:'Seed, cuttings, division', container:'5-inch pot',
    sitePrimary:'Upland Savanna, Shelterbelt, Filter Band, Drainage Edge', siteSecondary:'High river terrace', siteAvoid:'Wet core, saturated soils',
    soils:'SeC, RuB, SuB', hydrology:'Dry to moderate, well-drained',
    seed:'Collect ripe red drupes late summer to fall.',
    strat:'Seeds may require scarification plus cold stratification 60\u201390 days.',
    prop:'From division: fragrant sumac spreads by rhizomes \u2014 lift a rooted sucker or divide a clump in winter. From cuttings: semi-hardwood in summer, rooting hormone recommended.',
    progression:'Seed / cutting \u2192 5-inch pot \u2192 1-gal fabric if needed \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'Low to moderate. Avoid soggy soil. \u2014 Fabric stage (if the plant moves up from the 5-inch pot): fabric dries much faster than plastic and needs substantially more frequent watering outdoors in a Central Texas summer; the exact frequency is not yet set at the bench (open).',
    light:'Full sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February. Stock held in a 1-gal fabric pot may be outplanted later \u2014 air-pruned roots don\u2019t circle, so the window extends; the actual figure will come from the first cohort.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'],
    notes:'Useful as a low, tough shrub layer around oak savanna plantings.' },

  { code:'R', slug:'chickasaw-plum', common:'Chickasaw Plum', latin:'Prunus angustifolia', group:'wildlife',
    role:'Thicket-forming wildlife shrub/small tree. Chickasaw Plum builds dense low cover for nesting birds and small game, offers early pollinator bloom, and fruits heavily. It naturally forms colonies that anchor woodland edges and shelterbelt understory.',
    diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Fast', drought:'Very good', flood:'Fair', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate; browses young growth', method:'Root suckers', container:'5-inch pot \u2192 1-gal fabric if needed',
    sitePrimary:'Shelterbelt and woodland edges', siteSecondary:'Drainage Savanna Corridor, Filter Band margins', siteAvoid:'Wet drainage core, standing water',
    soils:'SeC, SuB, RuB', hydrology:'Dry to moderate; well-drained',
    seed:'Collect ripe plums early summer. Pulp must be cleaned promptly.',
    strat:'Clean seed and cold-moist stratify 60\u2013120 days. Suckering is faster and truer than seed.',
    prop:'Preferred: lift dormant root suckers from a donor thicket in winter and pot up. From seed: sow after stratification, expect uneven germination.',
    progression:'Sucker / seed \u2192 5-inch pot \u2192 1-gal fabric if needed \u2192 Field planting in clusters to establish a thicket.',
    water:'Moderate while establishing; tolerant once rooted. \u2014 Fabric stage (if the plant moves up from the 5-inch pot): fabric dries much faster than plastic and needs substantially more frequent watering outdoors in a Central Texas summer; the exact frequency is not yet set at the bench (open).',
    light:'Full sun for best fruiting and density.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201312 months. Plant November\u2013February. Stock held in a 1-gal fabric pot may be outplanted later \u2014 air-pruned roots don\u2019t circle, so the window extends; the actual figure will come from the first cohort.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'],
    notes:'Plant in groups and let it colonize. A Chickasaw Plum thicket is one of the highest-value habitat features we can build quickly.', override:'container_progression: D40 path removed by station decision 2026-07-27 (Addendum G) \u2014 plums do not use Deepots. Correct-as-revised, not a manual divergence.' },

  { code:'S', slug:'mustang-grape', common:'Mustang Grape', latin:'Vitis mustangensis', group:'vine',
    role:'Tough native wildlife vine. Mustang Grape provides fruit for birds and mammals, cover, and vertical habitat complexity along wooded edges and riparian corridors. It is the more drought-hardy, upland-tolerant of our two native grapes.',
    diff:'3 / 5', growth:'Fast', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Moderate', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Low to moderate', method:'Cuttings', container:'5-inch pot',
    sitePrimary:'River Conservation Strip, Drainage Savanna Corridor', siteSecondary:'Shelterbelt and woodland edges', siteAvoid:'Open upland prairie with no support structure',
    soils:'BeB, Oa, SeC edges', hydrology:'Adaptable; tolerates dry ground once established',
    seed:'Collect ripe grapes in summer. Vegetative propagation preferred for known vines.',
    strat:'For seed: clean pulp, cold stratify 60\u201390 days. Cuttings bypass this.',
    prop:'Preferred: dormant hardwood cuttings in late winter, rooted in well-drained media. From seed: sow 1/4\u20131/2 inch deep after stratification.',
    progression:'Cutting \u2192 5-inch pot \u2192 1-gal fabric if needed \u2192 Field planting beside a support tree or trellis.',
    water:'Moderate while rooting; drought-tolerant afterward. \u2014 Fabric stage (if the plant moves up from the 5-inch pot): fabric dries much faster than plastic and needs substantially more frequent watering outdoors in a Central Texas summer; the exact frequency is not yet set at the bench (open).',
    light:'Bright light to full sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201312 months. Plant November\u2013February. Stock held in a 1-gal fabric pot may be outplanted later \u2014 air-pruned roots don\u2019t circle, so the window extends; the actual figure will come from the first cohort.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'],
    notes:'Vitis mustangensis is dioecious \u2014 only female vines fruit, and they need a male nearby. Propagate from known female vines where fruit is the objective, and include a male for pollination. The rugged upland counterpart to Muscadine. Fruit is intensely acidic when raw \u2014 excellent for wildlife and for jelly.' },

  { code:'T', slug:'yaupon-holly', common:'Yaupon Holly', latin:'Ilex vomitoria', group:'shrub',
    role:'Evergreen structural shrub. Yaupon provides year-round cover, bright red berries that hold into winter for birds, and a dense, shade-tolerant understory layer. It is one of the most reliable evergreen natives we can establish, and the only caffeinated plant native to North America.',
    diff:'3 / 5', growth:'Moderate', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Good', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Good; low browse', method:'Suckers or cuttings', container:'5-inch pot',
    sitePrimary:'Shelterbelt and woodland edges', siteSecondary:'River Conservation Strip, Drainage Savanna Corridor', siteAvoid:'Exposed open prairie with no canopy',
    soils:'SeC, BeB, Oa', hydrology:'Adaptable; tolerates both dry and periodically wet ground',
    seed:'Berries ripen in fall. Seed is notoriously slow \u2014 often 1\u20133 years to germinate.',
    strat:'Long warm-then-cold stratification required for seed. Cuttings are far more practical.',
    prop:'Preferred: semi-hardwood cuttings in summer under mist; roots readily. Yaupon is dioecious \u2014 only female plants fruit, and they need a male nearby. Propagate from cuttings of known plants so the sex is certain, and keep a male in every thicket. Yaupon colonizes by root suckers \u2014 lift a rooted sucker in winter, an easy clone that keeps the parent\u2019s sex.',
    progression:'Cutting \u2192 5-inch pot \u2192 1-gal fabric if held \u2192 Field planting singly or in cover clusters.',
    water:'Moderate while rooting; tolerant once established. \u2014 Fabric stage (if the plant moves up from the 5-inch pot): fabric dries much faster than plastic and needs substantially more frequent watering outdoors in a Central Texas summer; the exact frequency is not yet set at the bench (open).',
    light:'Sun to partial shade; densest in sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 8\u201314 months. Plant November\u2013February. Stock held in a 1-gal fabric pot may be outplanted later \u2014 air-pruned roots don\u2019t circle, so the window extends; the actual figure will come from the first cohort.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'],
    notes:'Propagate from known female (berrying) plants by cutting \u2014 seed is too slow and unpredictable to rely on.' },

  { code:'U', slug:'eastern-cottonwood', common:'Eastern Cottonwood', latin:'Populus deltoides', group:'riparian', roles:['pioneer'],
    role:'Fast riparian pioneer. Eastern Cottonwood puts up rapid shade and structure along the river and wet drainages, stabilizing banks and creating early habitat while slower riparian species mature. A short-lived, fast-return legacy tree for wet ground only.',
    diff:'1 / 5', growth:'Very fast', drought:'Poor', flood:'Excellent', wildlife:'Good', deer:'Low', method:'Cuttings or suckers', container:'D40, or stick whips directly',
    sitePrimary:'River Conservation Strip', siteSecondary:'Wet drainage core, Floodplain Agricultural Basin edges', siteAvoid:'Uplands, dry savanna, near structures or septic',
    soils:'Oa, BeB (river-influenced)', hydrology:'Wet to seasonally saturated; needs reliable moisture',
    seed:'Cottony seed ripens late spring and is viable only briefly. Cuttings are the practical route.',
    strat:'None. Dormant hardwood cuttings root readily without treatment.',
    prop:'From root suckers: cottonwood throws root suckers freely \u2014 lift and transplant a rooted sucker in winter. From cuttings: stick dormant hardwood cuttings or whips into moist ground in late winter; roots readily.',
    progression:'Cutting / sucker \u2192 D40, or stick whips directly along the channel \u2192 Field planting.',
    water:'High. Do not let cuttings dry out.',
    light:'Full sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 6\u201312 months, or direct-stick cuttings. Plant December\u2013February.',
    establish:['Year 1: keep soil consistently moist; the tree wants water.','Year 2: reduce only if sited on genuinely wet ground.'],
    notes:'Wet ground only. Keep well away from buildings, drives, and septic \u2014 the roots are aggressive. Plant for fast early structure, not permanence.' },
  { code:'V', slug:'possumhaw-holly', common:'Possumhaw Holly', latin:'Ilex decidua', group:'shrub',
    role:'Deciduous wildlife shrub. Possumhaw drops its leaves to reveal bright red berries held on bare branches through winter for cedar waxwings, robins and other birds — a bright note in the shelterbelt understory. Dioecious: only female plants fruit.',
    diff:'3 / 5', growth:'Moderate', drought:'Good', flood:'Good', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate', method:'Suckers or cuttings', container:'5-inch pot',
    sitePrimary:'Eastern Shelterbelt understory, drainage edges', siteSecondary:'River edge, filter band', siteAvoid:'Permanently saturated drainage core; driest caliche uplands',
    soils:'BeB, SeC, RuB; adaptable', hydrology:'Moist to seasonally wet; adaptable, sun to part shade',
    seed:'Collect ripe red berries late fall through winter from known female plants; clean the pulp.',
    strat:'Warm stratification 60–90 days then cold 60–90 days — seed is double-dormant and slow, and germination can take a year or more. (Ilex is a warm-then-cold genus; do not shortcut it.)',
    prop:'From cuttings (the faster route): semi-hardwood cuttings under mist with rooting hormone. From suckers: lift a rooted sucker from an established colony in winter. From seed: clean the pulp and give the full warm-then-cold stratification, then be patient. Possumhaw is dioecious — only female plants fruit, and they need a male nearby; propagate from known female (berrying) plants where fruit is the objective, and keep a male in every planting.',
    progression:'Cutting / sucker → 5-inch pot → 1-gal fabric if held → Field planting.',
    water:'Moderate; tolerates wetter conditions than most. Do not let it bake dry.',
    light:'Sun to part shade; fruits best with good light.',
    outplant:'Best age 12–18 months. Plant November–February.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'],
    notes:'A congener of yaupon and handled the same way — same dioecy, same warm-then-cold dormancy. Hold back known males when thinning so every planting keeps a pollinator. On-site provenance where a colony exists.' },
  { code:'W', slug:'texas-redbud', common:'Texas Redbud', latin:'Cercis canadensis var. texensis', group:'wildlife',
    role:'Understory flowering tree. Texas redbud opens rose-purple flowers straight off the bare branches in early spring — among the first pollinator forage of the year — then carries glossy, round, drought-hardy leaves. A bright edge species for the shelterbelt.',
    diff:'3 / 5', growth:'Moderate', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Poor', wildlife:'Good', deer:'Moderate; protect young', method:'Seed', container:'Bootstrap Cell → 5-inch pot → 1-gal fabric if needed',
    sitePrimary:'Eastern Shelterbelt edge, Western Headwaters Savanna', siteSecondary:'Drainage terraces, working-land edges', siteAvoid:'Wet drainage core, floodplain basin',
    soils:'SeC, RuB, SuB, higher BeB terraces', hydrology:'Dry to moderate, well-drained; the Texas variety is the more drought- and heat-hardy',
    seed:'Collect flat brown pods in fall; extract the hard-coated seed.',
    strat:'Scarify the hard seed coat (a hot-water soak or a brief acid scarification) then cold-moist stratify — both are needed to break the coat-plus-embryo dormancy of Cercis.',
    prop:'From seed: scarify, then cold-stratify, then sow. Fresh scarified seed germinates far better than untreated. Cuttings are difficult and not the practical route; seed is the way.',
    progression:'Seed → Bootstrap Cell → 5-inch pot → 1-gal fabric if needed → Field planting.',
    water:'Moderate while establishing; drought-hardy once its taproot is down. Avoid soggy soil.',
    light:'Sun to part shade; blooms heaviest in more sun.',
    outplant:'Best age 12–18 months. Plant November–February.',
    establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'],
    notes:'Accepted as Cercis canadensis var. texensis (USDA PLANTS symbol CECAT), the Hill Country variety — hardier and glossier-leaved than eastern redbud. Provenance: Hill Country stock, not on-site, so no property voucher yet.' },
  { code:'X', slug:'buttonbush', common:'Buttonbush', latin:'Cephalanthus occidentalis', group:'shrub',
    role:'Riparian wetland shrub. Buttonbush carries spherical white pincushion flower heads through summer that are pollinator gold, then hard button seedheads for waterfowl and birds. It tolerates standing water better than almost anything we grow — the natural anchor for the wettest ground on the river strip.',
    diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Moderate to fast with water', drought:'Poor', flood:'Excellent', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Low to moderate', method:'Softwood cutting or seed', container:'5-inch pot',
    sitePrimary:'River Conservation Strip, Drainage Corridor, tank and pond edges', siteSecondary:'Seasonally wet pockets, filter band', siteAvoid:'Dry uplands, shallow caliche, anywhere that fully dries out',
    soils:'BeB, Oa; wet-tolerant', hydrology:'Wet feet to standing water; the wetter the better',
    seed:'Collect the hard spherical seedheads in fall; break them apart for the nutlets.',
    strat:'Little needed — sow fresh on wet media, or give a short cold-moist period. Cuttings skip stratification entirely.',
    prop:'From cuttings (the fast route): softwood cuttings root quickly in wet media — buttonbush strikes readily. From seed: sow fresh on saturated media; it germinates on wet mud without much fuss.',
    progression:'Cutting / seedling → 5-inch pot → 1-gal fabric if held → Field planting on wet ground.',
    water:'Keep saturated. Buttonbush cannot really be over-watered in the nursery and will sulk if allowed to dry.',
    light:'Full sun to part shade.',
    outplant:'Best age 6–12 months. Plant November–February into wet ground.',
    establish:['Year 1: keep the root zone wet — heavy water every 7–10 days during dry spells.','Year 2: water in drought; less critical once roots reach the water table.'],
    notes:'The signature shrub for the River Conservation Strip. Exceptional pollinator value and one of the few natives that thrives in standing water. Provenance “River edge” suggests on-site material — confirm and collect locally.' },
];

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